NUCAPS Modified vs. Non-Modified

With an afternoon pass of NOAA 20 there are now NUCAPS soundings over our active area of MAF and SJT. Looking at the non-modified and modified soundings there are several different things to note. On the image below the raw NUCAPS sounding is on the left and the Modified is on the Right. From this view it may be hard to see the differences, but a few are listed below.

1. Based on the location of the sounding and the surface observations (the location is the green dot just south of the red dot in the image below) the modified sounding DOES DO A GOOD JOB at the surface. The Modified Sounding has T=71 and Td=60. The non-modified sounding shows T=67 and Td=55. Looking at the surface observations below the modified sounding is more reasonable with Td around 60 and temps in the upper 60s and lower 70s.
2. Just above the surface though there is some questionable signatures. First it appears the modified sounding assumes that there was a cloud deck around 1km (T and Td almost the same). This is questionable as the visible satellite below does show more clear skies around the point. As that point is right along the front there has been mostly clear skies near that point. How it handles these parts of the mixed layer are more questionable.
3. These differences to make a BIG difference in the severe weather environment. Most notably CAPE. If you look at the surface CAPE it goes from 1492 in the non-modified to 2799 in the modified. That is significant, especially when these supercells are producing hail. There has been a 2.5 inch hail report to the east of this dot location, which does lend itself to pointing towards larger hail.

-Alexander T.

SJT SVR #1 update #1

Hail prob severe jumped to 99%, with MESH around 2.5". This, coupled with classic large hail signatures in the base data, prompted a SVS with a larger hail size indicated.



Sandor Clegane

SJT SVR #2

Both storms in the middle portion of the screen very quickly showed low min flash area (MFA), again bringing my attention to those storms. The northern most storm quickly developed classic hail signatures prompting a warning. The southern storm quickly fell apart.



Sandor Clegane

SJT SVR #1

GLM minimum flash area (bottom left) rapidly fell from ~1600 km^2 to 72 km^2 over a period of 5 minutes in the storm in the NE portions of these images.





5 minutes later, this storm began displaying classic hail signatures in all-tilts base radar data, prompting a severe thunderstorm warning. I will note that several other storms displayed similar minimum flash area decreases without so quickly turning severe, but the rapid decrease was the first thing that brought attention to this storm.



Sandor Clegane

Minimum Flash Area: Capturing the "Pulse"

Taking a look at the Minimum Flash Area (MFA) product (part of the GLM suite) and comparing it to the Average Flash Area (AFA), my initial analysis leads me to think that there's more value in the MFA as opposed to the AFA. The MFA, when watching the evolution of a storm in the far northeastern part of SJT's CWA, shows the pulsiness rather well. The AFA, in comparison, had a washed-out look during the 19Z hour of analysis. I had a side-by-side of the meso-sector VIS satellite imagery with the MFA on top (1-min.) and the ProbSevere suite with radar products, including reflectivity (GIFs below). The MFA provided a few minute lead time over the ProbSevere and reflectivity products of the storm pulsing up. Thought: watching the trend of the MFA could provide some insight into the overall nature of the storm. In this particular case, the smaller flashes were consistent for several frames/minutes, and the ProbSevere/reflectivity core showed an uptick shortly thereafter. Because the smaller flashes remained confined to a smaller area/grid box (<72km^2), this indicated to me that this storm would remain pulsy and likely either sub-severe or low-end severe. Taking a look at what WFO SJT issued during this hour indicated to me that this thought process likely held true. From a mesoanalyst perspective, this could prove to be invaluable information to provide to a radar operator.

~Gritty

SJT Mesoscale Discussion

There is a warm front draped across the northern portion of the CWA with widespred cumulus developing along the front and broken skies in the warm sector. GOES-16 Day Cloud Convection RGB and Day Cloud Phase RGB show that a few of these storms have already glaciated indicating the convective initiation is underway. (Below)Laps All Sky retrievals show a relatively sharp instability gradient along warm front where our convection initiated. Storm motion is likely to be parallel to the front, so convection that does will likely be relatively long lived. (Below)Laps All Sky LI further indicates that the airmass is relatively unstable and there will be little convective inhibition at least in the midlevels. (Below)All Sky TPW indicates a relative moist airmass across the CWA with PWs above 1″ for most of the CWA. This matches the 12z sounding from MAF relatively well, and is well above the 90% threshold of the sounding climatology for that location and date. It’s interesting that the mid-level moisture (bottom left) is higher than the low level moisture (bottom right). Not quite sure what to make of that at this point. (Below)Finally, MRMS RALA indeed shows that showers and storms have developed along the front. When animated (not shown), you can see that the storms are tracking along the front, heightening my concern for flooding.  

Sandor Clegane

Weak Pulse Storm Analysis - GLM

In the below GIF from Top Left to Bottom Right you have:

• GLM Flash Extent Density from GOES-16 (East) and GOES-17 (West)
• GLM Average Flash Area from GOES-16 (East) and GOES-17 (West)
• GLM Total Optical Energy from GOES-16 (East) and GOES-17 (West)
• ENTLN Ground Based Lightning Detection and GOES-16 1 Minute Channel 2 Visible Satellite.

The animation shows the quick pulse life cycle of the storm - you can watch the updraft grow and then the anvil get sheared off of the storm in the visible satellite. The Flash Density and the Optical Energy show a quick uptick and GLM registers at the same moment the first ground indication shows up. The Optical Energy maxes out as the storm grows to its tallest before the top gets sheared off. The Flash Density seems to follow the progression of the updraft eastward as well. The smallest Average Flash Area also follow the 'newest' and/or 'growing' parts of the storm. While convection continues from the cell (it is sitting along a boundary across the SE Part of MAF's CWA), it does weaken (looks like lower tops in visible - could certainly check this in other ways) and you use lightning from all networks.

While there is nothing ground breaking here it does show how GLM handles pulse convection and the trends in the GLM data. The one downside that I would note here is the lack of some sort of downtrend before the storm weakens. It seems the data generally peaks then goes away rather than drops before the storm dies.

-Alexander T.

Week 1 Day 2 Operations

Today we will be operating across west and central Texas looking for developing storms along a slow moving front.

HWT Spring Experiment Begins

The 2019 combined satellite and radar Spring Experiment started today and will run for 6 of the next 7 weeks evaluating various satellite based products as well as some radar derived products. Today is generally a familiarization day as forecasters get set up to operate in forecast and warning mode over the next few days looking at some active weather hopefully. Look here for updates throughout the week on the satellite based products.

- Michael

NUCAPS in 4-Panel

When NUCAPS Sounding Availability is loaded in a 4-Panel and is 'Editable', you can sample the data by clicking on any of the other panels. This could be useful if there is an area of interest in one of your other datasets (i.e. vis/CAPE/PWAT) so that you don't have to find the nearest dot using the NUCAPS imagery; simply click the area of interest on the panel you're investigating. Works in panel combo rotate as well.

-- FLGatorDon