Monday, April 30, 2018

Lubbock, TX Mesoanalysis

Operating in the Lubbock, TX CWA to start today. At 2100 UTC, GOES-16 upper-level water vapor imagery (Fig 1) indicates a weak shortwave lifting to the northeast across SE Colorado/N Texas this afternoon, rounding the base of a broader upper trough over the western US. For viewing synoptic scale trends in water vapor imagery, I prefer to load the full disk imagery with CONUS imagery as an overlay. Time match to the full disk imagery allows for 15-min imagery which, for me, is ideal for longer term water vapor analysis. Meanwhile, loading the CONUS imagery allows for the full resolution (2km) to be displayed over the CONUS (full disk imagery has reduced resolution).

Figure 1


A GOES-16 1-min mesoscale sector was available over the forecast area today. In 0.64 um visible imagery (Fig 2), high to mid cirrus clouds mask much of the scene. A cu field has established itself across much of the southeast half of the state, on the eastern half of a dry line.

Figure 2


With the cloud cover in place, the LAP thermodynamic fields were missing significant data. The all sky products are useful in  filling in the cloud-induced gaps in data. The cloud type all sky product tells us whether a given pixel is derived from the GFS, cloudy sky retrieval algorithm, or clear-sky retrieval algorithm, allowing for comparison between the different algorithms and GFS first guess. Comparing adjacent pixels of different types for CAPE, the cloudy and clear sky pixels have lower values (~1800 j/kg) than the GFS first guess (~2400 j/kg). Comparing both with HRRR model runs and the SPC mesoanlysis, the lower values in the satellite retrievals seem to be more on par than does the GFS first guess. This leads one to believe the satellite is providing a correct adjustment to the model first guess. The LAP data indicates a max in instability through the center of the CWA along the dry line, decreasing east. LI values were also slightly lower in the retrievals compared to the GFS first guess, while TPW values were similar.


Figure 3: cw from top left: CAPE, LI, Retrieval Type, TPW. Sampling for clear sky pixel
 

Figure 4: cw from top left: CAPE, LI, Retrieval Type, TPW. Sampling for cloudy sky pixel

 
As for trends, the half-hourly all-sky LAP data indicates CAPE increasing steadily from around 1000 j/kg at 1728 UTC to around 1800 j/kg at 2028 UTC. A half-hour temporal resolution is adequate for analyzing trends in thermodynamic fields.

- Bucky









First Hit on ProbSevere for Lubbock Convection, note on CI

Two firsts for me:  1) First cell I've seen so far to register a SevereProb today, and 2) First cell I've ever seen with SevereProb!




As of 2156Z, 24 minutes later, flash rates just jumped over the previous update, and probs made a modest jump to 12/3/0.

One thing that I did notice was that these cells didn't seem to be picked up by the Convective Initiation algorithm prior to development.

Convective Initiation Spikes

As convection begins developing in the Lubbock WFO vicinity, monitoring of CI reveals mostly fields of CI 0-20% and Severe CI 0-1%.  Noticed some random spikes from such low levels up to 89/69% and then back to those lower levels on the next update.  The most extreme example I saw was at 2057Z:



CI with radar below.  Example above is seen at the southern boundary of Lubbock WFO, bordering MAF and SJT (just below the exact center of the image).



Animation below shows other smaller magnitude spikes in the same general area:



-Forrest

Upcoming Polar Orbiting Passes in AWIPS

The information for when the various polar orbiting satellites (MetOps A/B, NUCAPS, NOAA-20) pass over specific spots can be found online.  However, forecasters don't always have the time or the interest to look up this information.  It would be very helpful to show upcoming/future passes and locations in AWIPS.  The image below could be a potential example.
The polar orbiter imagery can show the current image in color (green/yellow/red).  But then it could also show the upcoming/future passes.  They could display the same way in the future (with dots over the approximate location).  But they could be in a different color (blue?) to indicate it's an upcoming/future pass.  It could also give the time the pass is expected to be completed.  Perhaps having upcoming/future passes for the next 12 hours would be useful.

-Kevin

Polar Orbiting Time Stamps

The polar orbiting data is very nice.  However, the time stamp is confusing.  In the image below, the NUCAPS improved latency product has a time stamp of 19:41Z.  However, it shows that for ALL of the points. In reality, each point has a different time stamp as the satellite moves across the Earth.
In the experiment at this time, I was concerned with Wyoming.  The pass occurred at 19:49Z (per the NPP SSEC orbit site).  But the time labeling gave the appearance it was at 19:41Z.  Each point should have the approximate time the pass occurred, ideally in the Skew-T.

-Kevin

RGB Composites and Channel Difference Labeling Suggestion

There are lots of RGB Composites and Channel Difference products being introduced with the GOES-R series.  They are very useful.  However, with more and more of these products being created, it's getting very difficult for operational meteorologists to memorize what each one means (including the color scales).

The quick guides that are being created are very helpful.  But it's not easy to view these quick guides in AWIPS.  It's also not always easy to view these guides online, especially if convection has already initiated.  As a result, some forecasters are limiting how many satellite products they view because they can't keep track of what each one stands for.

It would be very helpful to have the guides built into the products.  How?  The image below shows cloud phase distinction.  When the sampling option is turned on it gives more information about the image.  However, it displays Red/Green/Blue information.  This information is useful for developers, but useless for operational forecasters.
The quick guides created for each product display RGB interpretation.  If you view the quick guide for cloud phase distinction, the color orange (in the image above) is labeled in the guide as "Thin high-level clouds with ice particles (red-orange)."  This information should be built into the product.  In fact, it's already being done for radar.  Below is a Hydrometeor Classification image for radar.
Notice how all of the colors are labeled.  In the example above, the light blue is dry snow.  This same methodology can be used for the RGB composites and Channel Difference labeling.  It would make it much, much easier for operational forecasters to understand and remember each product.

-Kevin

First Thoughts - GLM Integrated Time Options

The only integrated time option available at this time for GLM is one minute.  Many of us like to look at at least a five minute integration time, perhaps with one minute updates, to see better coherence of stronger updrafts and prolific lightning production.  My anticipation based on my limited understanding is that densities will look more pixelated today when lightning does start to get picked up.  Then again, we are in uncharted territory, so we'll see....


-Forrest

Improve GLM Menu

The location for GLM data in AWIPS is under too many submenus (see image).  Given the expected importance of GLM, it should be in the first drop down menu of satellite.
-Kevin

ProbSevere at HWT Spring 2018 Experiment

The NOAA/CIMSS Probability of Severe (ProbSevere) model is being evaluated by forecasters at the 2018 Spring Experiment at the Hazardous Weather Testbed (HWT).  For 2018 forecasters are evaluating an improved version of ProbSevere known as ProbSevere AllHazards.  The existing ProbSevere model provided the probability a thunderstorm would produce any severe weather (severe hail, severe wind and/or tornado) in the 0-90 minute timeframe.  Based on feedback from previous experiments, ProbSevere All Hazards provides probabilistic forecasts that thunderstorms will produce specific hazards--severe hail, severe wind, and tornado--in addition to the overall probability of severe (which is the maximum of the 3 hazard models).  Starting in January 2018 ProbSevere, both the version feeding NWS WFOs and the experimental ProbSevere All Hazards version are using GOES-16 data over the entire CONUS.  GOES-17 data will be incorporated into ProbSevere for the western US in late 2018.

Today forecasters are becoming familiar with the experimental products they will evaluate and developing AWIPS procedures they will use all week.  The initial WFOs of interest today are Lubbock, Texas and Cheyenne, Wyoming.  I will provide some examples of ProbSevere All Hazards via blog posts, in addition to characterizing some discussions with partipicants related to ProbSevere All Hazards.

-J. Sieglaff

2018 Spring Experiment Underway

The 2018 Satellite Proving Ground Spring Experiment is underway at the HWT in Norman. A great group of forecasters are here this week to provide feedback on current and future satellite related products. Today's groups will be operating in the Cheyenne, Wyoming and Lubbock, Texas CWAs.

-Michael Bowlan